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来源：小学英语（ID：xscyy100）
作者：小学英语
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes l并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school. (4)在序数词前：John’s birthday is February the second. (5)用于固定词组中：in the morning / afternoon / evening (1)专有名词前：China is a big country. (2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等： (3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers. (4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday. (5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30. (6)球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music. (8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li. (9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus 复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的) 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。 ⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ; ⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。 good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动) 2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化：well-better, far-farther) one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen， sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty (2)21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。 23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one (3)101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数; 586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three (4)l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand.第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion 1，001→one thousand and one 18，423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three 6，260，309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750，000，000，000→seven hundred and fifty billion eg.four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth twenty→twentieth， forty→fortieth， ninety→ninetieth (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。 twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth
基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.
一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i，th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。
五、介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等 1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。 at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) at(on)the weekend在周末---特指 at(on)weekends在周末---泛指 during the weekend在周末期间 (2)在圣诞节，应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas? On reaching the city he called up his parents. 1)表示"时段"、"时期"，在多数情况下可以和during互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December，the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪) 1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 lived , danced , used ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt ②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词 ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting (1)肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. (2)、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor. He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening. 一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。 特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。 1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人) 2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。 How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
本文转载自“小学语文”（ID：xxyw100）。
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